Lectio divina — Latin for “divine or holy reading” — is an ancient Christian practice of contemplative prayer with four steps: reading sacred scripture (lectio); reflecting and savoring what is read, allowing the spiritual meaning of the text to surface (meditatio); listening and responding prayerfully to God (oratio); and awareness and resting in God’s presence (contemplatio).

It is one of the most influential spiritual practices within Christianity. However, very few studies scientifically explore the benefits of lectio divina, who may benefit from it, or what mechanisms may mediate or moderate the probable effects on human flourishing. No studies have yet investigated the outcomes of the four steps as a whole.

A project led by Jesse Fox at Stetson University aims to test and confirm hypotheses about causal associations between lectio divina practice and outcomes of human flourishing. The researchers will use four studies to investigate how practitioners incorporate lectio divina into their traditions; motivations for practicing; and psychological correlates of uptake and outcomes. The studies will include qualitative surveys with practitioners. A randomized control trial (RCT) to assess the distinct value of contemplatio is also planned. 

The team will work in collaboration with lectio divina teachers from Contemplative Outreach — a network founded by Father Thomas Keating, a principal architect and teacher of the Christian contemplative prayer movement, currently supporting over 90 active contemplative chapters in 39 countries. Contemplative Outreach will deliver lectio divina training as part of the RCT, and assist in interpretation of findings.

Functioning across existential, spiritual, psychological, social, and physiological outcomes will be assessed including: presence, search for, and sense of meaning; connectedness with God; spiritual transcendence; God representations; spiritual struggles; mental health and psychological wellbeing; gratitude; compassion and altruistic care; and autonomic functioning.

The project aims to impact the uptake of, and promote innovative adaptations of lectio divina for spiritually diverse groups in mental health, medical, education, or ministry-related settings.